The historical cultural heritage and spiritual tradition of Yuelu Academy
Author: Xiao Yongming (National Social Science Fund Major JM EscortsChief expert of the project “History of Chinese ‘Four Books’”, Dean and Professor of Yuelu College of Hunan University)
Source: “Guangming Daily”
Time: Confucius 25 The fourth day of the seventh lunar month, the seventh day of the seventh year, Guimao
Jesus’ August 7, 2024 The river flows eastward, and it is nothing more than the aftermath of the Xiang River. “This couplet hanging high in the Confucian Temple of Yuelu Academy says. It has its own origins in the Hunan cultural context, exalts the spirit of others, and deeply reflects the historical heritage of Yuelu Academy as the spiritual high ground of modern Chinese civilization.
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In the midst of wars and separatist regimes, During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the monk Zhixuan purchased some land and books at the foot of Yuelu Mountain and on the bank of the Xiang River, and built several houses for scholars to study and study. With the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty and the rise of the culture of worshiping literature, in the ninth year of Kaibao (976 AD), Zhu Dong, the prefect of Tanzhou, officially founded Yuelu Academy based on the buildings and schools built by monks in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. When it was first founded, Jamaica Sugar had a rough road ahead. At this time, Yuelu Academy had not yet been included in the official education system, and was in decline. Twenty-three years later, Li Yunze, the prefect of Tanzhou, expanded the library and ceremonial hall in the second year of Xianping (999 AD), established the four major regulations of lecturing, collecting books, offering sacrifices, and studying fields, and invited famous Confucian scholars to To pass on learning, store books to expand wisdom, pay homage to sages to uphold Taoism, and purchase academic fields to ensure the operation of the academy. Li Yunze’s actions quickly attracted the attention of academic circles. Wang Yucheng, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, praised him in “Records of Tanzhou Yuelu Mountain Academy”: “Whoever calls Xiaoxiang is Zhusi; whoever calls Jingman, he calls Zou Lu.” The establishment and development of Yuelu Academy has made Xiaoxiang no longer a frontier place with backward civilization, but can be compared with the hometown of Confucius and MenciusJamaicans Sugardaddy The humanistic origins of the discussion.
In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 1015), Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, who respected Confucius and Confucianism, summoned Zhou Shi, the chief of the mountain of Yuelu Academy. At that time, the scale of Yuelu Academy was greatly expanded, with hundreds of students and students. These results won the favor of Song Zhenzong. However, Zhou Shi declined the appointment as the director of the Imperial College and returned to Yuelu Mountain.Down. Emperor Zhenzong was so moved by his spirit that he inscribed the plaque “Yuelu AcademyJamaica Sugar” and gave him the book. From then on, Yuelu Academy became famous and became one of the four major academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The war between the two Song Dynasties once reduced Yuelu Academy to ruins. However, with the migration of scholars to the south and the civilization of Hunan, Yuelu Academy faced difficulties and hardships. Comes the life of revival. During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hu Hong, a Neo-Confucian scholar from Fujian, wrote “Zhi Yan” at the foot of Hengshan Mountain, which was praised by later generations as “the pivot of Taoism and the tortoise of governance.” As a student of Hu Hong, Zhang Shi taught Yuelu Academy during the Qiandao and Chunxi years. He inherited the Neo-Confucian tradition pioneered by Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Er Cheng and other scholars, and integrated the core spirit of Neo-Confucianism with the educational purpose of the academy. one. Zhang Shi emphasized in “Record of the Reconstruction of Yuelu Academy in Tanzhou”: “How can we make the disciples live in groups and talk about them, just for the sake of profit and wealth? How can we make the disciples just work on speech and literature? If we want to achieve talents, we must use them to achieve success. “Preaching the gospel helps the people.” In Zhang Shi’s view, Yuelu Academy is neither a quiet place for students to chat and spend their time, nor a place for fame and fortune to serve the imperial examinations and train competitive people, but should cultivate a large number of people. People with lofty ideals who recognize orthodoxy, study academics intensively, and benefit people’s livelihood. In this context, a group of scholars came to Yuelu to seek advice and ask questions. Some scholars even “hated not being able to graduate in Huxiang.” Chen Fuliang, a representative scholar of the meritorious school in the Southern Song Dynasty, also praised it in “Reconstruction of Yuelu Academy” “Mr. Zhang (栻)’s notes are related to the key to governing the mind and cultivating one’s moral character. Later Huxiang also knew what he pointed out.” These historical materials vividly reflect the great influence of Yuelu Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty.
It is particularly worth mentioning that during the period when Zhang Shi was Bishop of Yuelu Academy, Zhu Xi set out from Wuyi Mountain in Fujian Province in the third year of Qiandao (1167 AD) and traveled thousands of miles to Changsha. Friendship and discussion with Zhang Shi, the two conducted academic debates on issues such as the elucidation of Neo-Confucian concepts, the interpretation of Confucian classics, and the practice of physical and mental Kung Fu. This lasted for two months, and students from far and near came one after another. This event is known as “Zhu Zhang Lecture” in history. The lecture promoted unfettered communication, dialogue, mutual questioning and debate between different schools of thought, and had a profound impact on the perfection and shaping of Zhu Xi’s ideological and theoretical system. It occupied an important position in the evolution history of academic thought since the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Hongzhi and Zhengde years of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming inherited and developed Lu Jiuyuan’s thoughts on psychology, and proposed that “the heart is reason” and “to know oneself”Jamaicans Escort Propositions such as “the unity of knowledge and action” broke the dogmatic constraints of Neo-Confucianism since the early Ming Dynasty. In the third year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (AD 15Jamaicans Sugardaddy2008), Wang Yangming passed by Changsha Jamaicans Escort on his way to be demoted to Guizhou, visited Zhu Zhang Temple at Yuelu Academy, and wrote He wrote the poem “Remembering the two masters, I am wandering here” to express my admiration for the two academic masters Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi. Although unfettered lectures were banned and academies were destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty, the teachers and students of Yuelu Academy were able to seek the path of sages despite hardships and continue the thoughts of their predecessors despite hardships. In the late Ming Dynasty, Wu Daoxing, the head of the mountain, invited famous Southeast Confucians JM Escorts Gao Shitai to give lectures. Wang Fuzhi, a student of the academy, embraced loneliness and loyalty and wrote tirelessly. Jamaica Sugar DaddyReminds the “National Only Instrument” to “Unify Knowledge and Action” Jamaicans Sugardaddy The purpose of the academy was that at that time, the academy was poor and getting stronger. Going upstream, it was comparable to Donglin, and its sound and light became more and more prominent.
Yuelu Academy was incorporated into the official education system in the early Qing Dynasty and listed as the provincial capital academy, further expanding the scale of its schooling. In order to commend Yuelu Academy for its achievements in preaching, benefiting the people and cultivating talents, in the 26th year of Kangxi (168Jamaica Sugar Daddy7), Emperor Kangxi granted the inscription “Learning to Reach Nature and Heaven” to encourage scholars to achieve the state of restoring one’s true nature and the unity of nature and man through the study and understanding of heaven’s principles and human nature. Jamaica Sugar Daddy In the eighth year of Qianlong’s reign (1743 AD), Emperor Qianlong granted him a plaque titled “Daonan Zhengmai” to commend Yuelu Academy for its achievements in Neo-Confucianism. The orthodox position in Southern Chuan. The integration of Neo-Confucianism and academies was fully reflected in the academic regulations of academies during this period. In the 19th year of Qianlong’s reign (1754 AD), the famous scholar Kuang Min served as the head of Yuelu Academy. He integrated the Confucian ethics, the context of Confucianism, and the realm and mission of Confucian scholars in a long couplet. The first couplet is: “It is up to oneself to judge the good and the bad, to judge the good and bad to others, and to count the gains and losses. At the top of Zhiyuelu Peak, the moon is bright and the breeze is clear, Tai Chi is leisurelyJamaica SugarYes. “The second line is: “How to repay the kindness of the king, how to establish the livelihood of the people, the Holy Jamaica.ns EscortWhy is the virtuous way passed down? On the Hexi platform, on the Yunxiang River, elegance will surely return. “This is the couplet with the largest number of words in the history of Yuelu Academy. It still hangs high in the lecture hall, the focus of the academy, and has become a motto to inspire future generations of Yuelu students to work hard. In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757 AD), he served as the mountain director of Yuelu Academy. Seventy years later, Zeng Guofan, who came out of Yuelu Academy, engraved the four words “Neat and Serious” on a stone monument in the academy’s most central lecture hall. The “orderliness and seriousness” advocated by Zhu Neo-ConfucianismJamaica Sugar is deeply respectfulJamaica Sugar wrote: “The word “reverence” was used by Confucius and Mencius to teach people, and it was also often said by scholars and officials throughout the ages. When it came to Cheng Zhu, he could say thousands of words without departing from this purpose. On the inside, she is dedicated, quiet and pure, on the outside, she is neat and serious, which is the merit of JM Escorts husband. “Being tidy and serious” is exactly the expression and implementation of Neo-Confucianism’s main principles of respect, from regulating the body and mind to rectifying the current situation, from cultivating oneself and managing the family to governing the country and bringing peace to the world. There is no exception. To force her to create such an embarrassment, ask her mother—— Her parents-in-law made the decision for her? Thinking of this, she couldn’t help but smile bitterly. The strong introspection spirit and sense of worry are not only the core of Song and Ming Dynasty Neo-Confucianism, but also the spiritual link connecting the modern Huxiang talent group.
In modern times, the heroes of Huxiang who studied in Yuelu Academy and studied things to gain knowledge have established a great Confucian tradition of self-cultivation and peace of mind. They have made significant contributions to China’s national salvation and national rejuvenation. Among them, they have used Neo-Confucianism to manage the world. If we talk about the couplet “Wei Chu College” at the gate of the Hunan Army Group with the ideological leader of “Learning from the Barbarians to Gain Skills to Conquer the Barbarians”, there are also groups of reformers who promote reform and reform. JM Escorts If you have talent, you will prosper here” (co-authored by Yuan Mingyao, the head of the academy, and Zhang Zhongjie, a student in 1812). Before that, it was just Hunan. Scholars’ JM Escorts self-motivation and expectations, then the historical fact that Hunan has emerged in large numbers of talents in modern times, makes this couplet a symbol of Huxiang civilization A true portrayal of the great success.
In line with the development of modern society, the ancient Yuelu Academy also embarked on a journey of reform and change. In 1903, Yuelu Academy was restructured. Fourteen years later, Hunan Public Industrial Vocational School (the predecessor of Hunan University) moved to the former site of Yuelu Academy.https://jamaica-sugar.com/”>JM Escorts President Bin Bucheng hung a plaque of “Seek truth from facts” in the classroom. Today’s Hunan University will still “seek truth from facts and dare to be the first” As the school motto. This school motto coincides with the “knowledge of current affairs and physics” in the “Yuelu Academy Academic Regulations” set by Wang Wenqing, the academy chief in the Qing Dynasty, because the talents cultivated by both traditional academies and modern higher education institutions are by no means the same. A bookworm with his head buried in old papers and not listening to what is happening outside the window, but a bookworm who cares about his family and country, has an insight into the world situation, is able to adapt to changes, and does not Jamaicans SugardaddyThe pillars of unremitting pursuit
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Talents thrive because of education, and academies prosper because of the system. In the history of Yuelu Academy, talent groups have emerged in droves. This is not only the obvious cause of social gatherings, but also the latent cause of the academy system. href=”https://jamaica-sugar.com/”>Jamaica Sugar Daddy is a unique cultural education organization in the modern era. It sprouted in the Tang Dynasty, took shape and flourished in the Song Dynasty, and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the magnificent historical process of more than a thousand years, the college’s daily activities such as organizational management, academic teaching, book collection, four-season commemorations, and funding guarantees have gradually been systematized and institutionalized, forming a complete college institutional system. Taking Yuelu Academy as an example, the creation, reform, and development of the system all reflect the characteristics of advancing with the times and renewing its destiny.
Specifically, Yuelu Academy. Historically, there has been an independent recruitment system for recruiting famous teachers such as Su Ru to serve as mountain directors and teachers. This can not only ensure the academic standards of college teachers, but also enable the college to reflect its own characteristics in academic style; some students choose to follow teachers and are not influenced by The student management system that restricts mobility reflects the respect for students’ subjectivity and independence in teaching. This is an advantage that cannot be compared with official schools. Yuelu Academy has the academic rule of “strive for doubts and mistakes” and has encouraging teachers. The teaching system in which students discuss, practice and question problems is different from the conventional practice of rote memorization and forced indoctrination. It contains the spirit of doubt and criticism that promotes academic originality. The school invites scholars from different schools and different ideological viewpoints to give lectures and debate with each other. And the lecture system that is open to the public has overcome the rigidity and isolation of official education, allowing the college to emerge in the current society with a new, inclusive and open attitude, and assume the social responsibility of innovating academics and educating the people.
It can Jamaicans Escort be said that this series of academy systems are Confucian scholars Adhering to the Confucian teaching ideals and based on reflection on the shortcomings of teaching at that time, we figured outA new path for teaching development. This innovation gave the school a unique charm that was beyond other forms of running schools at that time, and it has radiated great vitality in different historical periods.
As a product of educational system innovation, the college has formed its own unique ideas, value pursuits, cultural traditions, educational concepts, and school-running styles in the long process of development, and gradually Accumulated and condensed into a spiritual tradition with specific connotation. Overall, the spiritual tradition of Yuelu Academy can be summarized into the following Jamaicans Sugardaddy four aspects:
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——Advocate Taoism, morality and self-cultivation. The analysis and practice of core values such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith, and the pursuit of the cause of internal sage and external king, such as self-cultivation, family governance, national peace, and world peace, constitute the Confucian foundation of the spiritual tradition of Yuelu Academy. Documents such as the academic regulations, academic covenants, and academy records of the past dynasties recorded in the “Yuelu Academy Chronicles” describe “Jamaicans Escort the way to become an adult.” As a consistent purpose of educating people, it is pointed out that students trained by the academy should not only devote themselves to the research and dissemination of knowledge, but also pay attention to the cultivation of moral character and improve their moral realm through continuous inspection and self-discipline. Only those with noble character can shoulder the heavy responsibility of inheriting Jamaica Sugar Daddy and promoting Confucian civilization.
——Exploring the source and seeking truth from facts. The academy is a cultural education organization that studies profound Confucian knowledge. Studying scriptures and reading history are the focus of life for teachers and students of the academy. The teaching of classics and history in academies is different from the cramming and coping teaching methods. As Wang Fuzhi said, “it is a matter of discarding the ancient and modern myths and returning to the reality.” Scholars are required to understand the Confucian way of exhausting rationality and exhausting nature in the context of thousands of years of thinking. , focusing on the discussion of the original problem. At the same time, in terms of scholarly energy and academic methods, the teachers and students of the academy adhere to the purpose of seeking truth from facts, are not satisfied with general knowledge and phenomena, attach importance to empirical evidence, practical cultivation, and implementation, oppose empty talk and fantasy, and explore the ideological theory and reality of Confucian classics and history. Care, deeply explore the essence and laws of things by tracing back to their roots.
——Teaching without distinction, inclusive. In terms of enrollment, academies often broke through various restrictions of traditional official schools, such as family status, region, age, etc., providing more scholars with opportunities to receive education. The college not only accepts students from different social classes, but also often crosses regional boundaries to attract students from all over the world to study. At the same time, scholars from different schools of thought are invited to give lectures and debates, to accommodate and accept different academic viewpoints. In daily teaching and research, teachers and students not only emphasize the dignity of teachers, but also encourage equal communication and questioning between teachers and students, fully ensuring students’ independence.
——Be enlightened and practical, manage the world and benefit the people. “Mingti” refers to the understanding and insight into the ontology of Confucianism; “Dayong” refers to the application of Confucianism in specific social practice fields on the basis of moral influence and personality teaching. Zhang Shi once said: “The ups and downs of the world depend on the existence of the people, and it can be neglected!” This highlights the prominent position of concern for the national economy and people’s livelihood in college education. Therefore, the academy professor asked, “Are you telling the truth?” a slightly surprised voice asked. The leader emphasizes the combination of inner saints and outer kings, the combination of theory and practice, and the combination of thoughts and actions, aiming to cultivate people with a high sense of civilized mission and social responsibility, and the ability to serve the king and the people, and to manage the world and benefit the people. Near talent.
These spiritual foundations not only inject strong years into the development of modern colleges Night power has also become an important reference for the reform and development of my country’s modern education industry, and has provided valuable spiritual wealth to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of China’s excellent traditional civilization in the new era and new journey.
Editor: Jin Fu